Encomiendas and the Making of Colonial Batangas
The encomienda system was a cornerstone of early Spanish colonial administration in the Philippines, designed primarily as a fiscal and l...
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Formation of Batangas' Pueblos Early in the Spanish Era
The formation of early pueblos in Batangas during the first century of Spanish colonization reflected the intersecting aims of evangelizat...
Puerto de Taal: The Forgotten Port that Fed a Province
Before the 1754 eruption, the pueblo of Taal was not only the capital of Batangas but also a functioning port town. Old maps like Murillo ...
Women Spiritual Leaders in Pre-Hispanic Batangas
The spiritual life of the Tagalog people before the coming of Spain was shaped by ritual leaders who acted as mediators between the commun...
History of the Batangas International Port
Batangas Bay is one of the deepest natural harbors in the Philippines. It covers about 220 square kilometers with a coastline of 92 kilome...
Salt-Making in Batangas: From Coastal Wealth to Cultural Memory
Batangas salt-making has long been a vital livelihood, shaping both the province’s economy and culture. Its coastal geography, with shallo...
Lambanog: Spirit of San Juan, Batangas
San Juan, Batangas, renowned for its pristine beaches and vibrant festivals, also boasts a rich agricultural heritage. Central to this her...
Apolinario Mabini: The Paralytic Statesman
Apolinario Mabini (1864–1903), known as the “Sublime Paralytic,” is a central figure in the Philippine Revolution. While his political wri...
Pre-Colonial Shell Heaps Discovered in Batangas
In archaeology, a midden is an ancient refuse or garbage heap. It is often made up of discarded shells from mollusks such as clams and oys...
Excavations at the Old Tanauan Church Ruins in Talisay, Batangas
The ruins of the old stone church of Tanauan, long overlooked by casual visitors, came to scholarly attention in 2010 when human skeletal ...